tugas bahasa inggris-auxiliary

NUMBER	AUXILIARY	USES	EXAMPLE
1.	May	Polite request	Rinto   :  May I see the menu, please? Waiter : Here you are. May I be excused, pleased? I will get an order sheet. Rinto   : Thank you. (a few minutes later)
	may	Formal permission	Opel’s history of losses and labor turmoil which includes noisy disputes with workers and a planned sale of the unit in 2009 that G.M. backed out of at the last minute has unsettled workers and ensured a steady flow of negative head lines.it may also have contributed to a slide in market share to 6.4 pecent in february from 7.1 percent a year erlier.
	may	Less then 50% certainty	Another problem may be the bochum factory’s age.The building has two stories.most modern factories are typically arrayed on one level to allow more efficient movement of materials.an opel spokesmen,Alexander Bazio said that the company had arranged the production process so that the two stories were not a disadvantage.
2.	might	Less than 50% certainty	We might assume that either leading candidate,if elected, would get on with crafting a sustainable budget and a path toward greater french competitiveness. That might be right, but it is a big assumption and it needs to be balanced againts the bald fact that the french do not seem to want that type of change very badly, if at all, and may consent only if forced by events.
3.	should	Advisability	Of course, there are differences as well. Never should you attempt to pat a monkey on its head.(many countries also see it as a taboo rather than a gesture of endearrment)
4.	Ought to	Advisability	I am only one, but I am one. I can't do everything, but I can do something. The something I ought to do, I can do. And by the grace of God, I will.
	Ought to	90% certainty	If you will think about what you ought to do for other people, your character will take care of itself. Character is a by-product, and any man who devotes himself to its cultivation in his own case will become a selfish prig.
5.	Had better	Advisability with threat of bed result	~  I'd better get back to work. . It looked as if a night of dark intent Was coming, and not only a night, an age. Someone had better be prepared for rage. There would be more than ocean-water broken Before God's last 'Put out the Light' was spoken.
6.	Be supposed to	Expectation	We've been working really hard on completing our membership system so you can submit quotes and keep track of them. Once this is complete in the coming weeks there will be a lot more Is Supposed To Begin quotes. We've also changed the sorting on the site so you now see the latest Is Supposed To Begin quotes first. Our goal is to have the best Is Supposed To Begin quotes on the web!
7.	Be to	Strong expectation	Individual science fiction stories may seem as trivial as ever to the blinder critics and philosophers of today - but the core of science fiction, its essence has become crucial to our salvation if we are to be saved at all.
8.	Must	Strong necessity	I must still return to BIDMC tomorrow for more blood test, but I will be an outpatient. That I means I can spends the night in my own house,my own bed .a group of neighbours and friends in acton, the small town where we’ve lived since 1998, has volunteered to cook many of our meals for the next few months, and even pooled money to hire a cleaning lady to give Mria some relief.
	must	Prohibition (negative)	You must not to eat a candy.because, your Mom don’t like it.your teeth was very sick , and you never agree go to a dentist.you always cry and cry.
	must	95% certainty	~ I must respect the elderly I am sorry.I have to tell you that I can’t come to your house to work on our project as we have planned before.unexpected thing happens. My Grandma must be hospitalized soon.I will tell you about our plan later.
9.	Have to	Necessity	Yes, and let me tell you why. That is the reason why I never wanted to drink and I never wanted to smoke. Because I wanted to be able to perform at any time and at any age if I had to. I wanted to keep my options open because I didnt know what would happen in my career. But I dont know because its really not my call and I dont know when I am going to leave. Whatever He says, I have to go do. It wasnt my call. I didnt know when I was going to come here. How will I know when I am going to leave? I may have thought so. But I dont know what He had planned for me. What He had planned for me was to go further than I would have wanted I had to go.
10.	Have got to	Necessity	And we have to do that within our country.sadly,there are thousands who are trapped in various forms of enslavement here in our country; oftentimes, young women who are caught up in prostitution.so we’ve got to give procesutors the tools to crack down on these human trafficking networks.
11.	will	100%  certainty	Sheratzky, who has alreasy named GilbLandau as his replacement . “I will be done here after five years and go on to my next challenge but I will look back at amzing years and will take lots of memories with me.this place has shown me how a team can improve with the right dynamic and how far you can dream when the pieces fall into place,” he said.
	will	Willingness	“ I’m getting real tired of paying this rent every month ! You’ll have to wait a few more days’’
	will	Polite request	If this happens to people with heart disease,it can result in a stroke.now the decison is yours. Will you chose to invest in your health by drinking 8 glasses of water a day or “paying interest” for kidney disease or stroke?
12.	Be going to	100% certainty	“If the information is going to be reported to the public on such a wide basis, shouldn’t it be coming from a regulated exchange rather than an unregulated overseas trading platform?” Mr. Mc Dermott said.”my fear is that we actually see an increase in unregulated markets being offered to the retail public.”
13.	can	Ability/possibility	There is a dislocation in terms of how the economic model mis-prices everything.”can we fix a fundamentally flawed system? that discussion is not taking place.” The problem of inequality takes different face in the domestic arena,particularly in rapidly growing countries like China.
	can	Informal polite request	There is a dislocation in terms of how the economic model mis-prices everything.”can we fix a fundamentally flawed system? that discussion is not taking place.” The problem of inequality takes different face in the domestic arena,particularly in rapidly growing countries like China.
	could	Impossibility	Instead of stalking the birds,he stealthily crept out of his hiding place,snagged a piece of bread with his paw, and pulled it back into his hiding place.one can only imagine what was going on in his mind: if you can’t be bothered to chase the birds,lure them back to you instead I was amazed by his brilliance.
14.	Could	Past ability	I could perform this daily injections upon myself at home, but due to the illogical American medical-insurance system, the Neupogen shots would then be considered a presciption medication, for which my health plan only provides 50 percent coverage.
		Polite request	This is it. I have absolute power. (Over intercom) Doris, could you please send in our high school mascot? (Man dressed in a buffalo costume comes in) Welcome, buffalo. As you must've heard, I have been elected student body President. As such, I can do anything I want... and I want to ride the buffalo! (Steve jumps on mascot's back) Woo hoo hoo!! Buffalo: MOOOO!!!! (Destroys everything in the office) Steve: Yes, yes! I'm riding the buffalo! (Buffalo falls, Steve gets off, Doris comes in) Now, send in the lunch lady.
	Could	Suggestion	So, altough protesting, the poor don’t ralize it, what they are really saying is : “I want people with the cars and the motorbikes to get the money that could be in my pocket”, ironic, isn’t it?.what happen if the price of oil goes completely through the roof? The worst case would be that the government goes broke trying to pay the increased
15.	Be able to	Ability	“If we are able to verify this has happened on the 10th, then the clock starts ticking on the cessation of hostilities, by the opposition as well. We expect both sides to cease hostilities within 48 hours,” he told reuters.whether or not assad plans to comply with the deadline, western diplomats said syria’s acceptance of it might not have come if the rusians had not urged him to accept it.
16.	would	Polite request	Rina : My father will have a party for my birthday. Would you like to come? Tati : How nice of you.thanks a lot.
	would	Preference	I think what I regret is that I would rather do something like that , when I was a more established actress and I really had proven myself first. Now, people are still unsure whether I can act or not. I just don't want to be one of those girls who are playing off the show's popularity.
17.	Used to	Repeated action in the past	I used to work with a tall British journalist named Valentine.people would ask if he wasborn on February 14.He’d tell them he was born in November, and they’d ask : “why ?” he would quip:”I was expected in February,but because I’m so big,I didn’t completely emerge until november. ”
18.	shall	Polite question to make a suggestion	Shall I be wrong, or am I speaking the truth? My heart tells me to speak, for I think I never saw such a likeness, neither in man nor woman, and wonder takes me as I look on him, as this man has a likeness to the son of great-hearted Odysseus, Telemachos, who was left behind in the house, a young child by that man when, for the sake of shameless me, the Achaians went beneath Troy, their hearts intent upon reckless warfare.
	shall	Future with “I” or “we” as subject	No. You know, your father never set much store by the rules either. But he and your mother gave their lives to save yours. And gambling their sacrifice by wandering around the castle, unprotected, with a killer on the loose seems to me to be a pretty poor way to repay them. Now, I will not cover for you again, Harry, do you hear me? I want you to return to your dormitory and stay there. And don't take any detours. If you do, I shall deal with you in a moment.

Tugas Pengantar Ekonomi Pembangunan

Tingkat Kriminalitas di Indonesia

Negara Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara berkembang di kawasan Asia Tenggara dengan jumlah penduduk yang cukup fantastis,yaitu sekitar ±20.000.000 juta jiwa.setiap tahunnya tingkat penduduk di Indonesia selalu meningkat,namun hal ini tidak dibarengi dengan tingkat ekonomi dan  kualitas SDA yang meningkat juga.semakin banyak penduduk membuat SDA yang merupakan salah satu sumber ekonomi terpenting semakin langka, karena terlalu banyaknya jumlah penduduk yang ada.hal ini juga dipengaruhi oleh tingkat kesadaran manusia nya yang hanya mementingkan  kepentingannya sendiri untuk digunakan  dalam jangka waktu yang singkat, tanpa memikirkan kelangsungan hidup untuk  kedepannya atau untuk di kehidupan yang akan datang.selain tingkat kualitas dan kuantitas SDA yang menurun tingkat SDM di Indonesia juga semakin langka.hal ini didasari oleh beberapa faktor salah satunya kemiskinan.

Seperti kita ketahui banyak masyarakat yang masih sulit untuk makan 3X dalam sehari,masih sering kita jumpai di kota-kota besar di Indonesia para pengemis,pengamen dll.faktor lainnya yang menyebabkan semakin bertambahnya kemiskinan adalah kurangnya lapangan pekerjaan dan skill pada masing-masing Individu.hal ini membuat sebagian masyarakat nekat melakukan tindakan kriminal tanpa memikirkan resiko yang akan diterimanya, karena telah terdesak oleh kebutuhan sehari-hari yang harus dipenuhi.Menurut Kepala Kepolisian Negara RI, Jenderal Pol Timur Pradopo mengatakan "Jumlah tindak pidana untuk tahun 2010 sebanyak 333.161 kasus dan tahun 2011 sebanyak 296.146 kasus, sehingga terjadi penurunan sebesar 37.015 kasus atau 11,11 persen" . namun hal ini sepertinya tidak sesuai dengan fakta yang terjadi di lapangan.pada kenyataannya hampir setiap hari ada saja perilaku tindakan kriminal yang terjadi baik itu di Kota besar maupun di Daerah-Daerah.bahkan para pelaku tindak kriminal ini semakin nekat dan kreatif dalam meluncurkan aksinya.nekatnya misalnya salah satu kejadian perampokan di salah satu supermarket di Daerah Tangerang beberapa waktu lalu , perampok melakukan aksinya pada waktu siang hari dan dalam keadaan ada beberapa pembeli.dan kreatifnya adalah misalnya yang terjadi beberapa waktu lalu para pelaku tindak kriminal memasang alat di mesin ATM yang bisa membaca pin ATM sehingga dapat mengetahui pin ATM seseorang , tentu saja mereka dengan mudahnya dapat membobol ATM setiap orang.

Dalam hal ini peran dari Pemerintah dan Aparat Kepolisian sangat diperlukan.dari pemerintah harus diusahakan penambahan lapangan pekerjaan,pemberian bantuan misalnya cicilan modal untuk usaha atau mendirikan lembaga-lembaga bimbingan skill.untuk Aparat Kepolisian dapat berupa lebih waspada dalam meningkatkan keamanan dan kenyamanan masyarakat.tentunya peran dari masyarakat atau individu-individu sangat mempengaruhi juga dalam hal ini , tingkat kesadaran masyarakat harus terus ditingkatkan untuk tidak melakukan tindakan kriminal baik ikut serta atau hanya bekerjasama.selain itu kepedulian juga diperlukan misalnya segera melapor kepada aparat berwenag apabila melihat atu mengetahui kejadian-kejadian kriminal yang ada.pastinya juga agar lebih meningkatkan kewaspadaan diri.

Tugas Bahasa Inggris 2

Conditional Sentences

In grammar , conditional sentences are sentences discussing factual implications or hypothetical situations and their consequences. Languages use a variety of conditional constructions and verb forms to form such sentences.

Because conditional sentences are quite complex in both form and meaning, they are a problem for most learners of English. If you have a good understanding of the English tense system and of the modal auxiliaries, you will find it easier to understand and use conditional sentences.

All conditional sentences contain a dependent clause and an independent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with if; it expresses a condition. The independent clause expresses a result of the condition. The if-clause is usually first, but the order of the clauses is usually not important.

Type 1

·         Future conditionals that express a desire, hope, or plan that still can happen / when we are thinking about possibilities.

RUMUS :
  1. IF + S + Modal Present + V1 + Simple Present

Example :

-If you don't have breakfast, you will be hungry

-If it doesn’t rain, I will go shopping.
-If the weather is nice tomorrow, we will go on picnic

-I can give you a car if I have much money

-If i find his book , I will give it to his

-I will pass the exam if I study hard

-I will eat a fried rice if I can cook a fried rice

-If they all do their best, the party is great .

-If I have free time , I will watch a cinema with my friends.

Type 2
• contrary to the facts now.
RUMUS :

           2. If + Simple Past,Would + V1

Example  :

-If you came home earlier, I would make you a cake.
  Fact : You don’t come home earlier , So I don’t make a cake for you.

-If I naughty she would kick me.

  Fact : I don’t naughty , so she  .

-I would a pass the exam , If I Studied hard

  Fact : I wouldn’t past the exam and I don't study hard

- They would fly to Indonesia if they had more money.
  Fact : they don’t have much money , so they wouldn’t fly to Indonesia.

-If I found  her ring  , i would gave her ring .

  Fact :  I can not find her ring  , so I wouldn’t give her ring.

-If Diana birthday is today , he would bought her a flower.

  Fact : Diana birthday isn’t today , so he wouldn’t buy her a flower.

-If she angry with me , she would threw things in front of me.

  Fact : she doesn’t angry with me, so she wouldn’t throw things in front of me.

-If he  has a punishment , he would ran a round in the yard.

  Fact : he doesn’t has a punishment , so he wouldn’t run a round in the yard.

Type 3
•Past conditionals that express a wish, hope or plan that does not happen (impossible) or when we imagine a situation based on the facts in the past.

RUMUS :
   3. If + Past Perfect, Would Have +V3

Example :
- If you had studied hard, you would have passed the exam.

   Fact : you didn’t study hard, so you didn’t pass the exam.

- If the weather had been fine , I would have came to your house
   Fact :  The weather wasn’t fine, so I didn’t come to your house.
- If the Goal Keeper  had passed the ball more exactly, our team would have had  more chances to attack.

  Fact : I didn’t the Goal Keeper , so I wasn’t chances to attack.

-If my body had been fine , I would have came to school

   Fact : My  body wasn’t fine , so I didn’t come to school.

-If the founder of the  Restaurant had a good waitress , I always would have had to came.

   Fact :  I didn’t the founder of the restaurant , So I weren’t always to come.

-If I hadn’t  ran so fast , I wouldn’t have had felt thirsty

   Fact :  I run so fast , so I  had feel thirsty

Bibliography

Anwar , F.Munash .2008.English In Progress.Yudhistira.

Azar , Betty Schrampfer. 1989.Understanding and Using English Grammar.Prentice Hall Regents,Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 07632

Poerwoto , Cintavhati.Bussiness Readings For Students Of  Economics

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_sentence

http://swarabhaskara.com/practice/practice-test-7-conditional-sentences/

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences

Nama : Putri Ayuniah

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